Construction is the process of building, altering, or repairing physical structures, infrastructure, and facilities.
*Types of Construction:*
1. Residential construction (homes, apartments)
2. Commercial construction (offices, retail)
3. Industrial construction (factories, warehouses)
4. Infrastructure construction (roads, bridges, airports)
5. Heavy civil construction (dams, tunnels)
6. Green building construction (sustainable, energy-efficient)
*Construction Process:*
1. Planning and design
2. Permitting and approvals
3. Site preparation (excavation, grading)
4. Foundation work (footings, foundations)
5. Framing and structural assembly
6. Installation of electrical, plumbing, and HVAC systems
7. Finishing work (drywall, flooring, painting)
8. Final inspections and occupancy
*Construction Industry Segments:*
1. General contracting
2. Specialty contracting (electrical, plumbing)
3. Construction management
4. Architecture and engineering
5. Building information modeling (BIM)
*Construction Materials:*
1. Concrete
2. Steel
3. Wood
4. Masonry
5. Glass
6. Roofing materials (asphalt, metal)
*Construction Equipment:*
1. Cranes
2. Excavators
3. Bulldozers
4. Cement mixers
5. Forklifts
6. Dump trucks
*Construction Careers:*
1. Construction manager
2. Project manager
3. Architect
4. Engineer
5. Contractor
6. Building inspector
7. Construction supervisor
8. Carpenter
9. Electrician
10. Plumber
*Construction Industry Trends:*
1. Sustainability and green building
2. Building information modeling (BIM)
3. Modular construction
4. Prefabricated construction
5. Drone technology
6. Artificial intelligence (AI)
7. Internet of Things (IoT)
8. Virtual reality (VR)
*Challenges in Construction:*
1. Cost overruns
2. Project delays
3. Safety concerns
4. Labor shortages
5. Material costs and availability
6. Regulatory changes
7. Environmental impact
*Construction Industry Associations:*
1. American Institute of Architects (AIA)
2. Associated General Contractors (AGC)
3. National Association of Home Builders (NAHB)
4. American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
5. Construction Management Association of America (CMAA)